This article takes China’s industrial markets data above designated size from 2006 to 2023 as samples, empirically explores the impact of industrial robots on company productivity. The results show that industrial robots can significantly improve the TFP of manufacturing enterprises. Heterogeneity analyses find that the impact of robots on total factor productivity of companies is relatively insignificant for state-owned enterprises, but has a significant impact on high labor intensity, low product market competitiveness industries, and heavy industry. This article affirms the positive role of industrial robots in improving the production level of enterprises, providing strong evidence for the government to promote artificial intelligence technology in the production sector in the future.