With the refinement of the division of labor and the increasing complexity of domestic production networks, supplier digital transformation can have an impact on the stability and resilience of downstream enterprises’ export business through supply chain correlation effects. Based on the data of A-share listed companies from 2000 to 2024, this paper systematically analyzes the impact of supplier digital transformation on downstream enterprises’ export resilience from the perspective of production network correlation, and conducts theoretical analysis and empirical test on its transmission mechanism. The results show that supplier digital transformation reduces the export resilience of enterprises, and this result is still valid after a series of robustness tests and endogeneity processing; Mechanism test shows that supplier digital transformation has a negative impact on export resilience mainly by reducing supply chain stability and supply chain discourse power of export enterprises. Heterogeneity analysis found that the attributes of state-owned property rights, the improvement of R&D and innovation ability and the improvement of digital transformation of export enterprises all contributed to weakening the above negative effects. Further analysis shows that supplier digital transformation also slows down the recovery speed of export enterprises, but it can promote the digital transformation of export enterprises through spillover effect, and the inhibition effect of supplier digital transformation on the export resilience of enterprises still exists cross-chain transmission phenomenon. The research in this paper will help to enrich the relevant research on the factors affecting the export resilience of enterprises, and provide useful reference for export enterprises to enhance the stability and resilience of export business under the complex and changeable situation at home and abroad.