Based on data from the CRRS, this study empirically analyzes the impact of the digital divide on the green production transformation of farmers. The research finds that the digital divide hinders the improvement of farmers’ green total factor productivity, thereby inhibiting their transition to green production. After excluding endogeneity disturbances caused by self-selection bias, reverse causality, and sample selection bias, and through robustness checks, the above conclusions remain valid. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the negative impact of the digital usage divide on farmers’ green production transformation is the most significant, and the inhibitory effect of the digital divide is more pronounced among small-scale operators, those lacking training, and low-income farmer groups. Mechanism analysis shows that the digital divide mainly suppresses farmers’ green production transformation by impeding technology adoption, weakening human capital accumulation, restricting access to information, and limiting the level of land management.