Optimizing regional economic layout in the digital economy era requires cultivating new economic growth poles with data as the core production factor. Based on the theory of data elements and spatial stickiness, this paper analyzes the concept and types of spatial stickiness of data elements from three dimensions: aggregation, local storage and security, and incomplete flow. The theoretical basis for the spatial stickiness of data elements and its polarization effect on regional economic growth is constructed from the perspective of restricted cross regional flow of data elements. It is proposed that the spatial stickiness of data elements forms the polarization effect on regional economic growth through two channels: technological progress and resource spatial allocation; And taking the construction of the National Supercomputing Center as an exogenous policy shock, a multi period double difference model was constructed using data from prefecture level cities from 2003 to 2023 to test the regional economic growth polarization effect of spatial stickiness of data elements. This study extends the theory of data elements from a geographical perspective, laying a theoretical foundation for optimizing spatial governance of data elements and cultivating policies for regional new economic growth poles.