China enjoys scientific research and fishery rights and interests in the Arctic high seas. The BBNJ Agreement will have horizontal interactions with the existing legal regimes of the Arctic high seas, and vertical interactions with the legal regimes of Arctic coastal states, which are potential parties to the agreement. The marine genetic resource regime, area-based management tools, and environmental impact assessment regime established by it may impose new restrictions on China’s scientific research and fisheries activities through regime interaction. China should, based on a balanced approach of conservation and utilization, take coordinated measures at both international and domestic levels to safeguard its legitimate rights and interests.