The future industry is the main position and industrial carrier for the development of new quality productivity, and it is also an important breakthrough for realizing Chinese modernization. The TOE (Technology-Organization-Environment) framework of traditional industry cultivation analysis cannot be adapted to the dynamic, emergent and complex nature of future industry cultivation. Based on this, this paper critically integrates the TOE framework, complex system theory and context-driven innovation theory, and proposes a TOC (Technology-Organization-Context) framework suitable for future industry cultivation. The results show that: first, the TOC framework reflects the endogenous driving force of future industry cultivation; the logical transformation from TOE to TOC reflects the triple transition of future industrial factor activation, ecological emergence, and cognitive context, which is an inevitable choice to conform to the trend of transition from traditional industrial analysis logic to future industrial analysis logic. Second, the key to building the future industrial ecology is to pay attention to the construction and co-evolution of the three subsystems of technology ecology, organization ecology, and context ecology. Third, the path for nurturing future industries needs to be developed from multiple perspectives, including disruptive technology ecosystems, integrative organizational ecosystems, leading scenario ecosystems, and digital ecological communities. The exploratory analysis of the new logic and new ecology of future industry cultivation in this paper can further promote the emergent leap of China’s future industries, help accelerate the cultivation of future industries during the “15th Five-Year Plan” period, and comprehensively improve the effectiveness of innovation leading the development of new quality productivity.