There is a process of institutional interaction and systematic coupling for the birth and development of Argonne National Laboratory among the scientific and technological strengths such as the U.S. military, the U.S. government, the advanced-level research universities, and the leading high-tech enterprises under the guidance of the national missions, which has formed the unique management practice in this process. There are the characteristics of the management for Argonne National Laboratory: Argonne National Laboratory places emphasis on establishing diversified internal governance approaches in line with the requirement of its tasks; Argonne National Laboratory takes advantage of the strengths of universities to steadily expand its scale and flexibly establish scientific research teams; Argonne National Laboratory operates on a substantial budget that is primarily funded by the U.S. federal government and also provides competitive remuneration for its employees; Argonne National Laboratory places a strong emphasis on enhancing its flexibility, academic and professional expertise in fulfilling the national missions; Argonne National Laboratory is equipped with unique and cutting-edge core facilities for scientific research; Argonne National Laboratory extensively supports the educational activities and serves the economic and social development. There is the primary experience for Argonne National Laboratory: the United States guides Argonne National Laboratory to serve national missions through top-level design; the U.S. Department of Energy provides macro-guidance to Argonne National Laboratory through evaluation and assessment; the University of Chicago provides the strong workforce and management support for the development of Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne National Laboratory responds to diverse needs through multiple types of domestic and international collaborations; in order to adapt to the era of Big Science, Argonne National Laboratory attaches great importance to optimizing the mechanism of equipment management and operation and maintaining its unique identity. In the course of boosting the national strategic scientific and technological strengths, the relationship between the planning and the freedom, the relationship between the general and the particular, the relationship between the subject and the object, and the relationship between the outcome and the condition are of great significance for the Chinese government to deliberate upon, which will exert an influence on the purpose, direction, action, and effectiveness of national strategic scientific and technological strengths. There are some suggestions to boost the Chinese strategic scientific and technological strengths: the Chinese government ought to design the systematic scientific and technological strengths in the center of the national missions; the Chinese government ought to prioritize evaluating the fulfillment of the missions of the Chinese strategic scientific and technological strengths; the Chinese government ought to innovate the collaborative mechanism of different types of Chinese strategic scientific and technological strengths; the Chinese government ought to design and optimize the three-level scientific research cooperation system between the country, region, and globalization; the national strategic scientific and technological strengths ought to attach importance to the construction of first-class and characteristic facilities for scientific research in the process of fulfilling the national missions; the Chinese government ought to focus on fostering a favorable research environment and supporting the growth of young sci-tech talents.