Aligning industrial chain development with the cultivation of new-quality productive forces and strengthening the resilience and security of industrial and supply chains are essential for accelerating the formation of a modern industrial system and achieving high-quality development. Using panel data on Chinese A-share listed firms from 2011 to 2023, this paper employs a staggered difference-in-differences approach to examine the impact of digital-intelligence industrial cluster pilot policies on firms’ supply chain resilience and supply chain security. The results show that digital-intelligence industrial clusters significantly enhance both supply chain resilience and security, and these findings remain robust to a battery of validation tests. Mechanism analyses indicate that digital-intelligence industrial clusters primarily strengthen firms’ supply chain resilience and security by fostering cooperative innovation networks, promoting the agglomeration of digital-intelligence talents, and improving supply chain efficiency. Heterogeneity analyses further reveal that these positive effects are more pronounced in regions with stronger intellectual property protection, in firms operating in the ten key strategic industries, and in lead firms along the supply chain. Additional evidence suggests that the policy effects exhibit a clear pattern of geographic decay. Overall, the findings provide empirical support for optimizing the strategic development of industrial clusters and offer policy implications for mitigating external shocks and enhancing supply chain resilience and security.