As global climate change issues become increasingly severe, low-carbon development has emerged as a key direction for economic and social transformation in countries worldwide. The low-carbon city pilot policy, as a crucial initiative to promote green and low-carbon development, plays a significant role in fostering corporate technological innovation and achieving high-quality economic growth. Utilizing data collected from the National Tax Survey Database (NTSD) between 2007 and 2016, this study employs a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model to examine the impact of the low-carbon city pilot policy on enterprise technological innovation. The empirical results indicate that the policy significantly promotes technological innovation by enhancing green credit support, increasing the intensity of fiscal subsidies, and expanding green investment. This promoting effect also varies significantly depending on regional disparities, industry characteristics, and inherent firm features, with more pronounced positive impacts observed in eastern regions, areas with stringent environmental enforcement, highly polluting industries, lower-tier cities, and large-scale enterprises. This research not only contributes theoretically to related fields but also provides policy recommendations for optimizing and improving policy frameworks, accelerating the transition to green and low-carbon development, and achieving sustainable development in the next phase.