The platform economy has a strong promoting effect on the formation and development of new quality productive forces. However, while current platform enterprises are revitalizing social resources and creating economic benefits, they have also brought about new governance challenges. This study dissects the systemic constraints on the modern governance of platform enterprises, sorts out the spiral dynamic evolution logic of the platform enterprise governance policy system, clarifies the absence and misplacement of platform governance policies, and then constructs a multi-dimensional policy framework for platform governance at different levels of “macro system-meso organization-micro enterprise”, and forms a three-dimensional integrated collaborative governance path of “institutional innovation-organizational iteration-technological empowerment”. The research conclusion is conducive to promoting the platform economy to move forward in the direction of high-quality development and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.