As the global open-source movement accelerates, open-source innovation is becoming a key strategic path for enterprises to build technological advantages and ecosystem leadership. This paper systematically examines the strategic logic and organizational mechanisms of leading global firms. It highlights the institutionalization of open-source governance through OSPOs, forming an evolution path from strategic intent to value realization, driven by standard-setting, ecosystem collaboration, and risk management. The study summarizes common practices across four dimensions: strategic coordination, organizational governance, ecosystem development, and business transformation. In contrast, while Chinese enterprises have made initial progress in open-source adoption and community participation, they still face structural challenges in governance systems, talent development, and sustainable business models. The paper concludes with policy suggestions to improve institutional support, incentive systems, and ecosystem coordination to enhance the long-term sustainability and global competitiveness of China’s open-source ecosystem.