The future international competition is not only a competition for production efficiency, but also a complex game of crisis response speed, redundant resource scheduling, and industrial backup capabilities. When the complexity of the system exceeds the governance capacity, a complex risk will occur. In the context of complex risk, the backup of key industries is not a simple replacement of the industrial chain, but a material carrier and power projection hub of the national strategic will. In the backup of key industries, the shaping of national security capabilities is measured through the national mobilization mechanism, which is specifically decomposed into centralized activation mechanism, deep penetration mechanism, and dynamic iteration mechanism. The backup of key industries in China will be realized by a unified national market to build a spatial backup gradient division of labor pattern, by the leap of digital intelligence technology to build a technology backup two-way driven spiral symbiosis, and by high-level opening up to the outside world to build a global interface for China’s backup paradigm.