Accelerating the deep empowerment of industrial innovation by the digital economy is a vital pillar for achieving technological self-reliance and strength. However, under the digital economic paradigm, the institutional logic driving technological innovation in emerging industries remains ambiguous, calling for a dominant institutional logic alignment framework that adapts to heterogeneous industry types and their corresponding techno-economic paradigms. This study classifies emerging industries into four types—science-driven, demand-driven, national strategy-driven, and ecosystem-integration-driven—and proposes that the multiple institutional logics of the digital economy can be progressively grafted, embedded, and integrated into emerging industries through hybrid arrangements to drive technological innovation. Based on this, a framework of institutional logics for technological innovation in emerging industries driven by the digital economy is constructed, and the generative mechanisms of dominant institutional logics are elucidated. In the future, we need to strengthen the role of leading institutional logic in technological innovation in different emerging industries, strengthen the systematic integration of digital economy institutional logic and emerging industry institutional logic, and build a normal mechanism for resolving and utilizing institutional logic conflicts.