Taking the cultural and tourism industry in the digital era as an example, this paper examines the interactive relationship between new quality productive forces and new types of production relations. New quality productive forces in the cultural and tourism sector are manifested in the “qualitative renewal” of production factors: laborers are transforming into digitally and intelligently collaborative actors, means of labor are being upgraded into digital-intelligent tools, and objects of labor are evolving into data assets. These changes challenge traditional production relations by reshaping production factors, reconstructing production processes, and rebuilding the sources of value creation. Meanwhile, new types of production relations in the cultural and tourism industry exhibit “new-type” characteristics, including mixed and shared ownership of the means of production, platform-based collaboration among production actors, and multi-factor co-creation and sharing in distribution relations. These transformations, in turn, promote the development of new quality productive forces through factor activation, process optimization, and the enhancement of driving forces. Looking ahead, the high-quality development of the cultural and tourism industry should focus on human capital, means of labor, objects of labor, ownership structure, relations among production actors, and value distribution.