Promoting the “policy coordination and joint efforts” of government finance and market finance is conducive to unleashing the “multiplier effect” of policy element synergy. A composite quasi natural experiment based on technology finance pilot and loan risk compensation to construct policy synergy empowerment, the impact and mechanism of fiscal and financial synergy are evaluated on enhancing SRDI enterprise resilience. Research has found that fiscal and financial policies have a significant synergistic effect on the resilience of SRDI enterprises, and the empowering effect of composite policies is more significant compared to a single policy. Mechanism testing shows that fiscal and financial synergy enhances the resilience of SRDI enterprises through dual innovation, especially exploratory innovation. Knowledge search can positively regulate the role of fiscal and financial synergy. For enterpeises that are smaller, non-state-owned, with poorly optimized industrial structures, and located in the eastern region, the positive effect of fiscal and financial synergy in empowering enterprise resilience is more prominent. The research conclusion provides practical basis for understanding the policy of leveraging social “big capital” with “small funds” from the government, and promotes better integration between the proactive government and the efficient market. It also has important implications for SRDI enterprises to choose innovation strategies and effectively respond to uncertainty challenges during the “15th Five Year Plan” period.