Currently, uncertainty in the global energy market is intensifying, energy structural changes are accelerating, and the deficit in global energy governance has become prominent. Drawing on research findings from important international organizations such as the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and the International Energy Agency (IEA), this study explores the trends of energy transition, analyzes China’s unique wisdom in energy governance reform and its leading position in the global energy transition. This study suggests that to advance the energy transition and improve energy governance, it is essential to balance development and security, adhere to the complementary use of fossil fuels and new energy, drive progress through the dual engines of technological and financial innovation, achieve synergy between a well-functioning government and an efficient market, build a vibrant green and low-carbon industrial innovation ecosystem, and promote the coordinated development of corporate transformation and expansion overseas.