The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the modernization of agriculture and rural areas bears on the overall landscape and quality of Chinese modernization, which has assigned a brand-new strategic orientation to rural development in the new era. Against the backdrop of the deepening rural revitalization strategy, constructing high-quality rural living spaces has become a key approach to addressing farmers’ aspirations for a better life and resolving the imbalances and inadequacies in urban-rural development. This study systematically defines the core concept of high-quality rural living spaces through literature review and theoretical construction, critiques the limitations of traditional perceptions, and reconstructs its connotation system based on three dimensions: functional integration, value objectives, and development orientation. It identifies core characteristics such as functional integration, value diversity, and modern orientation. Building on this foundation, the research proposes a four-dimensional modernization pathway system: strengthening the material foundation, activating endogenous motivation, fostering cultural roots, and improving institutional mechanisms. This integrated approach aims to solidify foundations, energize dynamics, cultivate culture, and innovate systems. The study seeks to provide theoretical support and practical references for the systematic construction of high-quality rural living spaces in the development of livable, workable, and harmonious villages, as well as to contribute to the modernization of China.