National intangible cultural heritage （ICH） is a core carrier for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and an important foundation for the regional inheritance of Chinese civilization. Taking national ICH projects as samples， this paper focuses on the spatial differentiation characteristics of ICH between the Han and ethnic minorities， constructs an analytical framework and theoretical hypotheses centered on geographical nature， statistically tests their discrete and agglomeration characteristics， and empirically analyzes the geographical nature determinants of the binary distribution using the Spatial Autocorrelation-Logistic Regression （SAR-LR） model. The study finds that Han ICH， based on geographical nature， is concentrated in the North China Plain and the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Plain with superior natural conditions and developed economies；ethnic minority ICH， relying on the regional dimension of geographical nature， agglomerates in borderland and remote areas far from political centers. The distribution centers of the two are significantly separated due to differences in geographical nature， forming a distinct binary agglomeration pattern. Econometric analysis shows that geographical background factors such as spatial adjacent agglomeration， latitude， and distance from political centers， combined with productive geographical nature factors including the proportion of ethnic minority population and industrial structure level， not only reflect the inevitability of the binary distribution of ICH conforming to geographical laws， but also reveal the deep constraints of geographical space on cultural survival. The natural-historical evolutionary logic of ICH spatial distribution and the shaping role of national strategies revealed by this study enrich the theoretical dimensions of ICH spatial research， providing empirical support and theoretical references for strengthening the protection of the geographical background of ethnic minority ICH， promoting cultural exchanges and mutual learning among all ethnic groups， building a culturally diverse and symbiotic community， and forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.