As a strategic industry underpinning the development of the national economy, the resilience of enterprises in the integrated circuit sector is crucial for breaking through core technology blockades and achieving sustainable development. Existing research has not yet clarified how dual-track learning enhances the resilience of integrated circuit enterprises through digital capabilities, nor has it elucidated the mechanisms by which environmental uncertainty influences this process. It integrates organizational learning and dynamic capabilities theory to construct and validate a “dual-track learning-digital capabilities-corporate resilience” mechanism model, focusing on the mediating role of digital capabilities and the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty. Based on survey data from 450 integrated circuit enterprises, the empirical findings reveal: Firstly, dual-track learning significantly and positively promotes the resilience of integrated circuit enterprises； secondly, digital capabilities fully mediate the relationship between dual-track learning and resilience； thirdly, environmental uncertainty exerts a significant positive moderating effect, meaning that the higher the environmental uncertainty, the stronger the effect of dual-track learning in enhancing corporate resilience by strengthening digital innovation and digital operations； fourthly, the driving effect of dual-track learning on corporate resilience exhibits significant heterogeneity, this effect varies markedly depending on the firm’s ownership type and length of operation, with exploratory learning demonstrating relatively stable effects, while exploitative learning shows relatively weaker effects in state-owned enterprises and firms with longer operational histories. It aims to provide important managerial insights for integrated circuit firms on effectively leveraging dual-track learning and digital capabilities to build resilience and address technology blockades in highly uncertain environments.