The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China prioritized the establishment of a high-level socialist market economy system. Promoting entrepreneurial spirit in the digital era and fostering a new form of “real-digital integration” in which entrepreneurship and digital transformation empower each other are essential components of this initiative. Theoretical analysis shows that this synergistic integration can create complementary advantages, overcome the limitations of single-factor drivers of high-quality corporate development, and fully unlock latent potential. Mechanistically, this new integration drives high-quality corporate development—manifested in total factor productivity growth—primarily by optimizing corporate governance structures, stimulating innovation, and improving external knowledge flows. Firm-level empirical tests further demonstrate that this new real-digital integration significantly promotes high-quality corporate development. The key mechanisms include governance optimization, innovation stimulation, and knowledge spillover effects, with corporate risk-taking capacity playing a positive moderating role. The theoretical hypotheses are validated through econometric tests of logical consistency. This study provides empirical evidence and novel insights into how new real-digital integration facilitates high-quality corporate development, while also offering meaningful policy implications.