具身智能的经济影响机制:生产函数重构、企业组织演进与产业生态转型
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F426

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国家社会科学基金重大专项“未来产业投入增长与风险分担机制的政策体系研究”(26ZDA011);国家社会科学基金重大项目“绿色低碳循环发展经济体系建设研究”(24ZDA097);中国石油天然气集团软科学研究课题项目“集团公司提升全要素生产率相关问题研究”(中油研20250210)。


Economic impact mechanisms of embodied intelligence: Production function restructuring, organizational evolution, and industrial ecosystem transformation
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    摘要:

    人工智能正经历由离身智能向具身智能的范式转型,理解其经济影响的关键在于分析技术形态如何转化为经济机制。基于通用目的技术视角,构建“技术经济特征—生产函数重构—企业组织演进—产业生态转型”的分析框架,研究具身智能进入物理生产和服务现场后的经济影响。具身智能通过软硬解耦、模块化架构、任务泛化和反馈学习,将算法模型、物理本体与场景数据联结为可调用、可迭代的能力系统,呈现普遍适用、持续改进和催生互补创新等通用目的技术属性。在生产函数层面,具身智能以能力服务流进入当期生产过程,重构劳动、资本与智能系统之间的替代互补关系;运行数据经由数据治理、模型迭代、流程重构和组织学习转化为系统效率状态,推动全要素生产率内生化。在企业组织层面,企业边界、组织结构、人机协作和管理职能围绕关键数据、模型接口、场景知识和学习收益重新配置,治理重心由过程监督转向系统治理与能力塑造。在产业生态层面,既有链式分工叠加分层化能力栈,竞争焦点转向平台化能力体系和生态主导权,价格、算法与规则构成混合治理机制,扩散过程受到经济成本、技术成熟度、场景适配、组织吸收能力和制度条件的共同约束。

    Abstract:

    Artificial intelligence is undergoing a paradigm shift from disembodied to embodied intelligence, and understanding its economic impact hinges on how technological form translates into economic mechanisms. Drawing on the general purpose technology perspective, this paper develops an analytical framework linking techno-economic characteristics, production function restructuring, organizational evolution, and industrial ecosystem transformation to examine the economic impact of embodied intelligence as it enters physical production and service settings. Through hardware-software decoupling, modular architecture, task generalization, and feedback learning, embodied intelligence combines algorithmic models, physical embodiments, and scenario data into capability systems that can be deployed on demand and upgraded through use, exhibiting the defining attributes of a general purpose technology: pervasiveness, continuous improvement, and the spawning of complementary innovations. At the production function level, embodied intelligence enters current-period production as a flow of capability services and reconfigures the relations of substitution and complementarity among labor, capital, and intelligent systems; through data governance, model iteration, process restructuring, and organizational learning, operational data are converted into a state of system efficiency, rendering total factor productivity endogenous. At the organizational level, firm boundaries, organizational structures, human-machine collaboration, and managerial functions are reorganized around critical data, model interfaces, scenario knowledge, and learning gains, and the focus of governance shifts from process supervision to system governance and capability building. At the industrial ecosystem level, a layered capability stack is superimposed on the existing chain-based division of labor, and the locus of competition moves toward platform-based capability systems and ecosystem leadership. Prices, algorithms, and rules together constitute a hybrid governance mechanism, and diffusion is jointly constrained by economic costs, technological maturity, scenario fit, organizational absorptive capacity, and institutional conditions.

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薛钦源,傅一钦.具身智能的经济影响机制:生产函数重构、企业组织演进与产业生态转型[J].中国软科学,2026,(8):31-44

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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-09-16
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