Antarctica constitutes a vital component of the global commons, whose governance fundamentally requires relying on domestic rule of law, enhancing the efficacy of foreign-related rule of law, strengthening both the domestic implementation of and leadership in international rule of law, as well as fostering reconciliation and interaction with the rule of law in other nations. Consequently, it is imperative to advance Antarctic activities and environmental protection legislation from a coordinated perspective. Empirical investigation and normative analysis reveal that Antarctic activities and environmental protection are currently constrained by the dual predicaments of practical difficulties and institutional insufficiency. Accordingly, the desirable path for Antarctic legislation from a coordinated perspective should be articulated through three progressive levels, namely the establishment of value orientations, the construction of methodology, and the selection of legislative models. Taking the formulation and deliberation of the law on activities and environmental protection in Antarctica of the People’s Republic of China as an institutional opportunity, improvements should be advanced along four dimensions: establishing a rule of law system for Antarctica with Chinese characteristics, perfecting the internal coherence of the domestic legal system, optimizing the domestic transformation of international treaties, and refining the institutional support for foreign-related rule of law, so as to ultimately promote the sustainable protection of the Antarctic environment and foster good governance through sound laws in the global Antarctic arena.