Drawing on the five-dimensional framework of patient capital—“long-termism, value creation, risk appetite, strategic vision, and social function”—this paper reveals its intrinsic coupling with public science popularization services in terms of value objectives and temporal characteristics. In response to institutional obstacles including fragmented incentives, absence of evaluation mechanisms, obstructed exit channels, and information barriers, this paper constructs an incentive-compatible policy system to transform the science popularization governance model from government single-wheel drive to a tripartite synergy among government, society, and the market, thereby facilitating the transition from “blood transfusion” to “blood generation”.