Global climate change has become one of the major issues in sustainable development and the international diplomatic field. Much attention was paid to the climatic issue by Chinese government in the past decade, and the national adaptation and mitigation policies were framed to meet the challenge. In this paper, an overview on the origination of the climatic issue, the current state and problems of climate change monitoring and research, and the present policies and measures taken by the government are given. Also presented are the proposed strategic options for the country to better respond to the issue in the coming years.