After comparing the Middle Part of Five Provinces with Delta of the Yangtze River on economic growth speed, economic structure, marketing process, regional innovation ability and the bilateral relations, we think that the irrational economic structure, the slow marketing process, the low regional innovation ability are the restrictive factors in the economic development of the Middle Part. Also, there are some realistic possibilities in economic cooperation between the two areas. The Middle Part of Five Provinces must accelerate the economic structure adjustment, perfect the market system and mechanism, elevate the regional innovation ability and strengthen the economic cooperation between these two areas.