Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation enables outstanding postdoctoral researchers to carry out their academic projects, to finish their scientific research tasks, to become first-rate scholars of various professions in the near future, and to make great contributions to the development of science, education, economy, and national defense system of our country. In the past seventeen years, Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation has played an active role in giving supports to postdoctoral researchers and in fostering these potential scholars. In order to gain more benefits from Postdoctoral Science Foundation, it is necessary to estimate the performance and efficiency of the management of Science Foundation, and gradually perfect the selection process. These efforts should enable Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation to play a greater role in fostering talented scholars and bringing forth academic fruits.