This paper is a summary research of alternative approaches to the empirical measurement of technical efficiency. Efficiency analysis is one of the core topics in Economics. Measuring technical efficiency is an important part in economic empirical research. If the notion of technical efficiency is to have empirical content, it must be based on proper measurement approach. It is the purpose of this paper. Based on the definition of technical efficiency by Koopmans, we describe technique and technical efficiency by model, study the distance function, Farrell measurement and the properties of measurement of technical efficiency. Then we compare four approaches to the measurement of technical efficiency. We specially study the nonparametric approach of measuring technical efficiency and show that DEA efficiency is the true technical efficiency. So DEA approach has particular advantage compared with other approaches.