Both the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol (KP) demonstrate the international communities' will to act upon the challenge brought up by climate change. The two documents have created a political and legal framework for addressing the global issue. Diplomatic negotiations on climate change are mostly the debates on the issues, mechanisms and processes involving the implementation of UNFCCC and KP. This paper analyzes key scientific issues appeared in the negotiations, and discusses the nature and significance of these triggering issues. Meanwhile, some suggestions and strategies, aiming at safeguarding national economic interests and seizing future development opportunities, are proposedfor future talks.