Energy supply,as a determinant factor to the modern society,has become an increasingly sensitive issue in China when the country has been making great strides in modernizing itself,and it could become even more sensitive in the next twenty to thirty years when China's population growth and economic development put stress on the national energy supply system continuingly.Based on the interrelationship between population growth,economic development and energy supply of the practices from both the domestic and international,this paper suggests that a more strict population control policy and a wider opening-up energy supply system could be needed for China's sustainable development in the future.