paper summarizes and comments on three kinds of causality between transportation and regional economic development. Then it uses Granger causality test to testify Granger causality between transportation development(density of transportation network)and three important variables of regional economic development(GDP, Urbanization, Industrialization) with the statistic data of East, Middle, West regions and 30 provinces of China. At last, we present some suggestions on china regional transportation development according to the conclusions of empirical study.