Based on the analysis on the problem of cultivated land conservation,this paper finds that the dim of property rights of cultivated land conservation is the reason of the institution failure.Then we put forward two theoretical state- ments:one is market failure and government failure,which mainly take on the ambiguous property rights of cultivated land conservation,the imperfectness of cultivated land value,undefined property rights of cultivated land conservation and the distortion of the institutions;and the other is mechanism innovation of cultivated land conservation,it also brings forward the basic framework of the mechanism at the same time.