Ecological culture and ecological compensation are hot topics on the sustainable development of economy and society.Based on the analysis of the connotation and construction methods of ecological culture and ecological compen- sation,the effects of ecological compensation on the ecological culture construction were discussed.Ecological compen- sation,which punishes the acts leading environmental damage and encourages these organizations or individuals that contribute to the development of environment,is an efficient way to deal with the problems caused by externality in eco- nomic development and environment protection.Ecological compensation may play an important role in the building of ecological culture.