As the third generation of Development economics after Structuralism and Neo liberalism, the application of new structural economics in the field of public economy will bring about a structural revolution. Starting from the theoretical logic of promising government and efficient market, and based on the structural analysis paradigm and structural change of new structural public economics, this paper initially outlines a relatively complete theoretical framework of new structural public economics. Furthermore, from the changes in industrial structure at the output end of the public economic system and the changes in production factor endowment at the input end of the public economic system, as well as the changes in public endowment structure, we will discuss the effective market and promising government in economic development, economic transformation, and economic operation.