The paper constructs a theoretical framework for grain farmers to increase their incomes in terms of both grain yields and agricultural production efficiency.We empirically test the income-generating effects of digital technology adoption in agricultural production on grain farmers with the CRRS 2022 survey data.The results showed that digital technology in agricultural production significantly contributed to the increase in income of grain farmers.Mechanism of action analyses indicate that digital technology improves agricultural productivity and food yields by increasing the efficiency of agricultural machinery operations, the level of agricultural machinery operations .Heterogeneity analysis shows that the adoption of digital technology has a more pronounced effect on increasing the income of grain farmers who hold positions in the village, operate on a larger scale, and are located in major grain-producing areas. It should strengthen the foundation for digital transformation of agricultural production,build a cadre of high-quality farmers and other ways to vigorously promote digital technology, promote grain farmers to increase their incomes and realize common prosperity.