As the global climate change issue becomes increasingly severe, low-carbon development has become a key direction for socio-economic transformation in many countries. Low-carbon city pilot policies, as an important measure to promote green and low-carbon development, play a significant role in fostering corporate technological innovation and achieving high-quality economic growth. This study utilizes data from the National Tax Survey Database (NTSD) collected between 2007 and 2016 and employs a multi-period difference-in-differences model to examine the impact of low-carbon city pilot policies on corporate technological innovation. Empirical results indicate that the policy significantly promotes enterprise technological innovation by alleviating financing constraints, enhancing resource allocation efficiency, and reducing enterprise costs. This promotional effect also varies significantly due to regional differences, industry characteristics, and enterprise-specific features. The positive effects are more pronounced in eastern regions, areas with stringent environmental enforcement, high-pollution industries, lower-tier cities, and large-scale enterprises. This study not only provides theoretical insights for related research but also offers policy recommendations for optimizing and improving policy frameworks, accelerating green and low-carbon transitions, and achieving sustainable development in the next phase.