从数字技术到数字权力:大数据从技术向资本权力的发展
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1.对外经济贸易大学;2.清华大学

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国家社科基金重点项目“资本特性与防止资本无序扩张研究”(编号:22AZD042);国家社会科学基金一般项目“马克思主义视域下的数字经济发展趋势和规律研究”(项目编号:22BKS012)


From Digital Technology to Digital Power: The Evolution of Big Data from Technology to Capital Power
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1.University of International Business and Economics;2.Tsinghua University

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    摘要:

    数据作为新型生产要素,对传统生产方式变革具有重大影响。由于数字经济发展过程中资本的深度参与,数字技术被资本逻辑所主导,成为其追求利润的工具,数字技术本身也具有了生产关系属性,即“数字权力”,其表现有大数据利用“反馈——控制”机制控制消费者,利用非稳定就业、算法控制劳动者,数字资本对其他资本和社会生产的支配等。但是,这并不代表数字权力来源于技术本身。通过对以大数据为代表的数字技术与资本相互结合的分析,本文认为,数字权力是资本权力在数字时代的呈现,数字资本掌握的对劳动和利润分配的支配权,根源在于资本或生产资料私有制及其导致的阶级关系。数字资本主义下,资本主义生产的本质没有发生改变,改变的只是资本主义的外在形式。

    Abstract:

    As a new factor of production, data exerts a significant impact on the transformation of traditional production methods. Due to the deep involvement of capital in the development of the digital economy, digital technology has been dominated by the logic of capital, becoming a tool for profit-seeking. Consequently, digital technology itself has acquired attributes of production relations, referred to as "digital power." This is manifested in the use of big data''s "feedback-control" mechanism to manipulate consumers, the employment of unstable work arrangements and algorithmic control over laborers, and the dominance of digital capital over other forms of capital and social production. However, this does not imply that digital power originates from technology itself. Through an analysis of the integration of digital technology, represented by big data, and capital, this paper argues that digital power is an expression of capital power in the digital era. The dominance wielded by digital capital over labor and profit distribution ultimately stems from the private ownership of capital or the means of production and the resulting class relations. Under digital capitalism, the essence of capitalist production remains unchanged; only its external form has been altered.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-10
  • 最后修改日期:2025-10-10
  • 录用日期:2025-10-31
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